Abstract Detail

Abstract

Background: Patient self-efficacy and consistent health-promoting behaviors are essential elements of the best possible diabetes care. The specific relationships between King's theory concepts and the self-efficacy and health behaviors of diabetic patients in northeastern Iran are not well understood.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine how self-efficacy and health-promoting behaviors in diabetic patients in a city in northeastern Iran relate to King's Theory of Goal Attainment.

Methods: The effect of an educational program based on King's Theory on diabetic patients' self-efficacy and health-promoting behaviors was investigated in this double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT). Out of the 80 eligible participants, 78 were enrolled in the study; their average age was 56.8 years. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the intervention group (n = 40) or the control group (n = 38). A random sampling technique was used for recruitment. Self-efficacy and health-promoting behaviors were measured using self-reported questionnaires at baseline, six months, and twelve months for both the intervention and control groups. The specific questionnaires used were the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLPII). Based on issues found in the three human systems, the GAS was modified from King's Theory to evaluate patient care objectives. SPSS version 19 was used for data analysis, employing statistical tests appropriate for analyzing changes over time between groups (e.g., repeated measures ANOVA).

Results: There was a significant interaction effect between the factors "group" and "test time" (p <0.05, p <0.001) for several health-promoting behaviors, such as physical activity, nutrition, taking responsibility for one's health, stress management, interpersonal relationships, spiritual growth, and preventive behaviors based on the King's Theory Intervention. This suggests that the intervention had a significant impact on these behaviors over time in comparison to the control group. However, over the course of the study, there was no discernible variation in the mean score for the aforementioned structures in the control group. Over time, the intervention group's self-efficacy scores significantly improved when compared to the control group (p <0.05, p <0.001). 

Conclusions: According to the current study, the King's Theory Intervention-based educational program effectively increased the self-efficacy and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLPII) scores of the population under study who had diabetes. These outcomes support the program's ability to improve the general health and health-related behaviors of this population. These findings should be confirmed in bigger and more diverse samples before the program is extensively applied in clinical settings. Future research should also look into the program's long-term viability and potential moderators or mediators of its effectiveness.

KEYWORDS:Diabetes mellitus, Self-efficacy, King's Theory, Self-management, Intervention, Northeastern Iran.

Biography

Dr. Mohammad Hossein Delshad is an Assistant Professor of Public Health at the School of Medicine, Torbat Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Iran. He received his PhD in Public Health from Tarbiat Modares University in 2017. His dissertation research designed and evaluated an educational program based on the expanded Pendleton model to change the behavior of stretching exercises to reduce musculoskeletal pain in employees affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

Dr. Delshad's research interests include health promotion, social determinants of health, musculoskeletal pain, and non-communicable diseases. He has published 60 peer-reviewed research articles, 9 books, and 79 posters. He is a member of the editorial boards of several journals, including the International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Prevention, NeuroQuantology, Journal of Anatomical Science and Research, Academia Mental Health, Journal of Research in Health and Medical Sciences, The open public health journal, Materials Science Current Research, and Journal of Noncommunicable Disease.

Dr. Delshad is a recipient of numerous awards and honors, including membership in the National Elite Foundation of Iran, the Talented Students Program of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran, and the Khayyam Award for the Best Dissertation. He is also a member of several professional organizations, including the Iranian Health Education and Promotion Association, the International Union for Health Promotion and Education, and the International Society of Global Health.

Dr. Delshad is a highly accomplished researcher and educator with a strong commitment to improving public health. His work has made significant contributions to the understanding of how to effectively promote healthy behaviors and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

Key achievements:

• PhD in Public Health from Tarbiat Modares University in 2017
• 60 peer-reviewed research articles
• 9 books
• 79 posters
• Member of the editorial boards of several journals
• Member of the National Elite Foundation of Iran
• Member of the Talented Students Program of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran
• Khayyam Award for the Best Dissertation
• Member of the Iranian Health Education and Promotion Association
• Member of the International Union for Health Promotion and Education
• Member of the International Society of Global Health