Mohammad Hossein Delshad

Abstract

Background: Patient self-efficacy and consistent health-promoting behaviors are essential elements of the best possible diabetes care. The specific relationships between King's theory concepts and the self-efficacy and health behaviors of diabetic patients in northeastern Iran are not well understood.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine how self-efficacy and health-promoting behaviors in diabetic patients in a city in northeastern Iran relate to King's Theory of Goal Attainment.

Methods: The effect of an educational program based on King's Theory on diabetic patients' self-efficacy and health-promoting behaviors was investigated in this double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT). Out of the 80 eligible participants, 78 were enrolled in the study; their average age was 56.8 years. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the intervention group (n = 40) or the control group (n = 38). A random sampling technique was used for recruitment. Self-efficacy and health-promoting behaviors were measured using self-reported questionnaires at baseline, six months, and twelve months for both the intervention and control groups. The specific questionnaires used were the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLPII). Based on issues found in the three human systems, the GAS was modified from King's Theory to evaluate patient care objectives. SPSS version 19 was used for data analysis, employing statistical tests appropriate for analyzing changes over time between groups (e.g., repeated measures ANOVA).

Results: There was a significant interaction effect between the factors "group" and "test time" (p <0.05, p <0.001) for several health-promoting behaviors, such as physical activity, nutrition, taking responsibility for one's health, stress management, interpersonal relationships, spiritual growth, and preventive behaviors based on the King's Theory Intervention. This suggests that the intervention had a significant impact on these behaviors over time in comparison to the control group. However, over the course of the study, there was no discernible variation in the mean score for the aforementioned structures in the control group. Over time, the intervention group's self-efficacy scores significantly improved when compared to the control group (p <0.05, p <0.001).

Conclusions: According to the current study, the King's Theory Intervention-based educational program effectively increased the self-efficacy and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLPII) scores of the population under study who had diabetes. These outcomes support the program's ability to improve the general health and health-related behaviors of this population. These findings should be confirmed in bigger and more diverse samples before the program is extensively applied in clinical settings. Future research should also look into the program's long-term viability and potential moderators or mediators of its effectiveness.