Rahul Hajare

Title: Advancing women’s fertility knowledge in india via AMH measurement: Clinical and public health perspectives

Abstract

The Anti Müllerian Hormone (AMH) test is emerging as a valuable diagnostic tool for assessing ovarian reserve and supporting informed reproductive decision-making among women. In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in awareness and proactive fertility health management among young women in India, particularly those seeking to balance career aspirations with long-term family planning. AMH is a glycoprotein hormone secreted by granulosa cells of pre-antral and small antral follicles in the ovaries. The AMH level, determined through a simple blood test, provides an estimate of the quantity of remaining oocytes, commonly referred to as ovarian reserve. Although AMH does not provide direct information about oocyte quality, it is often the first-line biomarker used in fertility assessments due to its ease of measurement and predictive relevance. Low AMH levels may indicate diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), potentially narrowing the window of opportunity for natural conception. Conversely, elevated AMH levels are often associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), reflecting an increased number of antral follicles. A growing body of evidence suggests that factors such as chronic stress, genetic predisposition, environmental exposure, and lifestyle changes may contribute to a decline in AMH levels, even among women in their early 30s. This shift in reproductive awareness is especially notable among women who are intentionally postponing childbearing. For these individuals, AMH testing enables early interventions and opens discussions on fertility preservation strategies, including oocyte cryopreservation and other assisted reproductive technologies (ART).